Classical/Pavlovian Conditioning: Associating stimuli No effect on behavioral consequence.

Unconditioned Stimulus (US): A biologically significant cue, evoke response without training

Unconditioned Response (UR): A naturally occurring response to an US

Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A cue that’s paired with an US, and comes to evoke the CR

• CS+: CS that’s paired with an outcome (positive or negative) (e.g. food or air-puff)
  • Appetitive Conditioning: Conditioning which the US is desirable (e.g. food)
  • Aversive Conditioning: Conditioning which the US is undesirable (e.g. shock)
• CS-: CS that’s not paired with outcomes (extinction)

Conditioned Response (CR): The trained response to a CS in anticipation of the US

Pavlov’s Dog Training

Before:

• Bell (neutral stimulus) → no response
• Food (US) → Salivate (UR)

Training:

• Bell (neutral stimulus that becomes CS) → Food (US) → Salivate (UR)

After:

• Bell (CS) → Salivate (CR)

Examples:

• Dog associates toaster smell (CS) with fire alarm sound (US), runs to the owner (UR/CR) after smelling the toaster almost burning.
• Quail associates light (CS) with female (US), approaches light (CR).
• Rabbit associates sound (CS) with air-puff (US), blinks eyes (UR/CR) after sound. (Measured with electromyography, CR timed based on CS length)

Conditioned Compensatory Responses