Prejudice: Hostile or negative prejudgment of a group and its members - Emotional

Stereotype: Beliefs about the personal attributions of a group - Cognitive

• Dangerous generalizations

Discrimination: Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its member - Behavioral (mistreating someone because of their group identity)

Attributes of Prejudice, Stereotype, and Discrimination

• Can be Ambivalent (e.g. Benevolent sexism - “women needs to be cherished and protected” - still condescending)
• Can be Explicit or Implicit (e.g. priming studies - people categorize threat pictures faster after primed with black male) (e.g. P asked to press shoot if they see a picture of ppl holding a gun, record RT and accuracy)
• Can be Subtle - “Modern Racism / Cultural Racism” (e.g. giving ratings, constructive feedbacks or harsh criticism for essays from black/white ppl) (e.g. giving overly positive ratings but no constructive feedback)

Sources of Prejudice

Social Sources

Socialization

• Operant Conditioning: Children rewarded for expressing prejudice

Social (Observational) Learning

• Others as models of prejudice, internalized values and norms (e.g. parents, people in the community)
• “acceptable” groups to stigmatize (e.g. laugh tracks)

Conformity to Social Norms

• False consensus effect (e.g. it’s ok to discriminate because everyone is doing it)
• “Modern Racism” - US social norms are changing from explicit racism to subtle racism (experiment: race had lesser effect when people are asked to help individually vs. in a group - socially acceptable excuse for racism in a group: “other people can help”)

Social Inequalities (status, wealth, power)

• Negative attitudes to justify why some group experience inequalities. (e.g. “black people are less competent so they deserve less wages”)