Brainstem (overlaps with Hindbrain): Lowest portion of the brain (medulla, cerebellum, pons)

• Medulla
• Thalamus

Limbic System: Loosely connected structures under the cerebral cortex.

• Amygdala: Differentiate - food, mates, social rivals, emotion expression, emotional learning
• Thalamus: Relay info, send info to appropriate places.
• Hypothalamus: Monitor rewarding activities (eating, drinking, sex), emotion, stress, reward
  • Regulate body's internal state
  • Pituitary Gland: A master endocrine gland.
• Hippocampus: Encode new memory.
• Basal Ganglia: Control voluntary movements w/ cerebellum (habitual activities).
  • Caudate, Putamen, Nucleus accumbens

Midbrain:

• Involved in reward, pleasure, and addiction
• Substantia Nigra: Area producing dopamine (damage to it is associated with Parkinson)
• Striatum: Central input station for the basal ganglia
• Reticular Formation: Stereotyped patterns of behavior (walking, sleeping, focusing on sudden noise)

Forebrain:

• Prefrontal Cortex: Planning, self-control, decision making.
• Cerebral Cortex: Thinking, decision, planning, language, processing emotions.
  • Neocortex: 80% of cerebral cortex, high-level thinking, related to social group size.
  • Association Area: Integrate sensory and motor info. (thinking, problem solving, linguistic, perceptual functioning)
    • Executive Functions: Planning and problem solving

Lobes:

• Occipital Lobe: Processing visual color, shape, motion
• Temporal Lobe: Hearing, language processing, memory