Memory: Using info from the past to generate cognitive function.

• Encoding: Process info, enter into long term memory. (E.g. transduction of stimulus)
• Storage: Maintain info, info remains encoded in some form for a longer duration.
• Retrieval: Access stored info for cognitive functions.

Properties of Memory

• Capacity: How much info memory can hold.
  • Long-term memory is much larger than short-term memory.
• Duration: How long info remains in memory.
• Many kinds of memories with distinct capacity and durations.

Modal Model of Memory

Shiffrin's Modal Model (1968, Aka. Information Processing Model):

• Sensory Memory: Takes large flow of sensory info before they're processed.

  High capacity, shortest duration (1s max).

  • Iconic memory (Vision, ≈1s)
  • Echoic memory (Hearing, 3-4s)

• Short-Term Memory: Takes in processed info

  Low capacity, short duration (15-30s).

  Capable of producing behavioral output. (E.g. repeating a phone number just heard)

• Long-Term Memory: Small fraction of processed info took in via encoding.

  Infinite capacity, no duration limit.

  • Explicit Memory: Semantic (words), Episodic (events)
  • Implicit Memory: Procedural memory (skills), Priming

Sensory Memory

Persistence of Vision: Directly see info entered your eye moments ago.

• Motion perception and movies depend on the persistence of vision.

Iconic Memory: Photographic memory for vision. (1s)

Echoic Memory: Memory for hearing.

Partial Report Experiment