Phonetics: Study of speech sounds

Linguistic Competence: Producing and comprehending speech

1. Articulatory Phonetics: Speech Production ⭐
2. Acoustic Phonetics: Acoustic Signal
3. Auditory Phonetics: Speech Perception & Comprehension

Transcription System

Transcription: Systematic symbolic representation of speech sounds. (IPA)

• 1 sound segment $\Leftrightarrow$ 1 symbol

Segmentation: Distinct sounds in a word (e.g. 3 segments in “thing”)

Sound-producing System

Air-stream Sources: Lungs, Larynx

Vocal Folds: Vibrating vocal folds make a voiced sound, open vocal folds make voiceless sound.

Velum: Lowevred for nasal sounds, raised for oral sounds.

Vocal Tract Filters: Nasal cavity, Oral cavity, Pharynx

Sound Classes

Consonants: Obstruction of vocal tracks (less loud), doesn’t form a syllable

Vowels: No obstruction, form a syllable

Glides: No obstruction, doesn’t form a syllable

Consonant Articulation