Electrical Circuits

• Current goes from + to - even though electrons flow from - to +

Transistors

• nMOS: Off when no current is provided. Pass 0s well, 1s poorly
• pMOS: On when no current is provided. Pass 1s well, 0s poorly

Static CMOS: Must use nMOS in pull down and pMOS in pull up.

Logisim Symbols

NOT Gate

Base Conversion

From Binary to Decimal

1. For each digit, label $i=$ 0 to n from right to left
2. For each digit, write $n_i=2^i$ if the binary is 1, or else $n_i=0$
3. Sum $n_i$ together

From Decimal to Binary

1. Write out $(i,2^i)$ from $i=0$ until $2^i>n$
2. While $n > 0$, do:
   1. Write 1 in the highest $i$ with $2^i<n$
   2. $n=n-2^i$
3. Fill 0 for the rest of the $i$