Neuroscience: Study of the brain and the rest of the nervous system.
Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Motor and sensory neurons that communicate between brain and body. (everything besides the CNS)
Environment Enrichment: An environment with sensory stimulation and opportunities to explore and learn will lead to larger cortex and increased learning capacities. (e.g. for a rat, a cage with many toys and other rats is an enriched environment)
On-the-Job Training: London taxi drivers have a larger hippocampus than non-taxi drivers.
Synaptic Plasticity: Synapses are altered by experience
Hebbian Learning: Increased use creates stronger neural connections and vise-versa
Engram: A physical change in the brain that forms the basis of a memory
Theory of Equipotentiality: Memories are stored globally over entire brain rather than in one area.